The Health Science and Nursing Research Journal (HSNRJ) is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.

When significant errors or concerns are identified after publication, HSNRJ will consider appropriate post-publication action according to the nature, reliability, and impact of the issue.

Corrections

A correction may be published when an error affects the accuracy, interpretation, attribution, or completeness of an article but does not invalidate its principal findings.

Corrections should clearly identify the article concerned, describe the corrected information, and remain permanently linked to the original article.

Retractions

Retraction may be considered when there is reliable evidence that the findings are seriously unreliable or when serious publication or research misconduct has occurred.

Possible grounds may include:

• fabrication or falsification;
• major errors that invalidate the findings;
• substantial plagiarism;
• unauthorized or seriously unethical research;
• duplicate publication presenting substantially the same work without appropriate disclosure;
• compromised or manipulated peer review; or
• other circumstances that seriously undermine the reliability or integrity of the article.

A retraction notice should identify the retracted article, explain the reason for retraction as clearly as appropriate, and remain permanently accessible.

Retracted articles should ordinarily remain part of the scholarly record and be clearly identified as retracted rather than silently removed.

Expressions of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued when serious questions have been raised regarding an article but sufficient evidence for a definitive conclusion is not yet available.

The notice may remain until the matter is resolved through correction, retraction, removal of the concern, or another appropriate action.

Article Removal

Complete removal of published content is exceptional and may be considered only when necessary because of compelling legal, privacy, safety, or other extraordinary circumstances.

Where removal is necessary, bibliographic information should be retained whenever legally and ethically appropriate, together with an explanation of why the content is unavailable.

Author Disagreement

A correction or retraction may proceed when justified by the evidence even if one or more authors disagree with the editorial action.

The journal will seek fairness, appropriate documentation, and due process when evaluating such cases.